Biosand Water Filter

BioSand filters are technological adaptation of slow sand filtration process. While implementations exist in many different sizes and varieties, the most common design is intended for use in rural homes where naturally safe or treated water sources are not available.

BioSand filter removes 90% to 95% of organic contaminants including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, worms, and particles. After filtered , dirty water will be safe to be used for drinking , food preparation and sanitation .  Most common home-based models can produce between 20 and 60 litres of water per hour.

This is the Inside of a Biosand water filter

This kind of filter uses a clean plastic barrel to store filter and water .Gravel and sand are layered inside the filter with a PVC collection pipe situated at the base of the filter .

The layer of sand must remain undisturbed by the flow of poured water. These conditions are achieved respectively by the installation of a diffusion plate on the top (reducing the impact of the poured water flow), filtration occurs in the lower layers of sand and gravel, which removes contaminants that cause odour, cloudiness, and taste. Then, pure water comes through the P.V.C pipes.


A 2007 study conducted by the School of Public Health at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill indicates that BioSand Water Filters can reduce the incidence of diarrheal illness by up to 40 percent.




Over time , the top layer of sand will clogged with other materials and will reduce flow rates . A simple stirring or skimming of the top layer of sand is usually sufficient to restore optimal flow.

Biosand Filtering process

Nuclear Reaction

Nuclear reaction got it's name because the reaction works inside fuel's nuclei . Nuclear reaction uses protons and neutrons inside fuel's nuclei . There are two kinds of nuclear reaction :

• Fission
• Fusion

Fission commonly used in nuclear based electricity generator . It uses heavy fuels and produces power (heat) by breaking apart it's fuel's nuclei and start a chain reaction of fission . Every fission reaction releases harmful radiation . More info : Click here!


Fusion occurs in the Sun . It uses the lightest element : hydrogen as fuel in two different forms : deuterium ( 1 proton and 1 neutron) and tritium (1 proton and 2 neutrons ) . In nuclear fusion , fuel's nuclei fuse together and do not break apart , but one neutron left over . Nuclear fusion not yet applied for energy reactor because fuels have to be heated to a temperature of  hundreds millions of degrees , kept together for a few seconds and no ordinary container can hold them . More info : Click here !

How Does Nuclear Fission Works

Nuclear fission reaction happens inside a nuclear reactor . Usually , a nuclear electricity reactor uses nuclear fission , not fusion because fission is easier to make and fusion is still impossible to produce more power than the amount of power it uses to occur . Nuclear fission uses Plutonium or Uranium as fuel . Plutonium and Uranium are two heavy elements which have many protons and neutrons in their nuclei .
Fission starts when an fast-moving neutron strikes a nucleus . The nucleus cannot take an extra neutron , and the whole nucleus breaks apart into two smaller nuclei . Several neutrons are also released and these neutrons break more nuclei , which release more neutrons and so on . Without control , it can multiply rapidly and produce enormous heat in a fraction of second . Each fission occurs gamma rays radiation . Gamma ray radiations are harmful and highly penetrating , requires a concrete shield wall for safety .