Robotics

NAO Robot

Robotic is a branch of technology that uses design , electronics and mechanic skill . Robotics makes robots to help human in our jobs or to replace human in dangerous jobs . There are many kinds of robots and these are some of them :

• Humanoid -  Robots with human like design
• Industrial Robots - Robots system in manufacturing Typical applications of robots include welding, painting, assembly, pick and place (such as packaging, palletizing and SMT), product inspection, and testing; all accomplished with high endurance, speed, and precision.
•  Mobile Robots - This kind of robot have the capability to move around in their environment and are not fixed to one physical location .
• Service Robot - Most commonly industrial robots are fixed robotic arms and manipulators used primarily for production and distribution of goods. The term "service robot" is less well-defined. IFR has proposed a tentative definition, "A service robot is a robot which operates semi- or fully autonomously to perform services useful to the well-being of humans and equipment, excluding manufacturing operations."

 Robots can be controlled or autonomous .
Autonomous robots can do their jobs without controller . They have sensors and a program , and the program runs by the sensors. Example : the robot programed to run when a sensor don't detect obstacles and stop when there is an object in front of the sensor . So , the robot will do as the program .

Controlled robots moves by human command by a controller.

Robotics basics can  be learned by using robotic sets . There are lots of robotic sets , but one of the famous robotic set is "Lego Mindstorms NXT " . The set is for 10 + but adults still use them . This set is to learn basics of robotics but can crate many great creation .

NXT 2.0

Biosand Water Filter

BioSand filters are technological adaptation of slow sand filtration process. While implementations exist in many different sizes and varieties, the most common design is intended for use in rural homes where naturally safe or treated water sources are not available.

BioSand filter removes 90% to 95% of organic contaminants including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, worms, and particles. After filtered , dirty water will be safe to be used for drinking , food preparation and sanitation .  Most common home-based models can produce between 20 and 60 litres of water per hour.

This is the Inside of a Biosand water filter

This kind of filter uses a clean plastic barrel to store filter and water .Gravel and sand are layered inside the filter with a PVC collection pipe situated at the base of the filter .

The layer of sand must remain undisturbed by the flow of poured water. These conditions are achieved respectively by the installation of a diffusion plate on the top (reducing the impact of the poured water flow), filtration occurs in the lower layers of sand and gravel, which removes contaminants that cause odour, cloudiness, and taste. Then, pure water comes through the P.V.C pipes.


A 2007 study conducted by the School of Public Health at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill indicates that BioSand Water Filters can reduce the incidence of diarrheal illness by up to 40 percent.




Over time , the top layer of sand will clogged with other materials and will reduce flow rates . A simple stirring or skimming of the top layer of sand is usually sufficient to restore optimal flow.

Biosand Filtering process

Nuclear Reaction

Nuclear reaction got it's name because the reaction works inside fuel's nuclei . Nuclear reaction uses protons and neutrons inside fuel's nuclei . There are two kinds of nuclear reaction :

• Fission
• Fusion

Fission commonly used in nuclear based electricity generator . It uses heavy fuels and produces power (heat) by breaking apart it's fuel's nuclei and start a chain reaction of fission . Every fission reaction releases harmful radiation . More info : Click here!


Fusion occurs in the Sun . It uses the lightest element : hydrogen as fuel in two different forms : deuterium ( 1 proton and 1 neutron) and tritium (1 proton and 2 neutrons ) . In nuclear fusion , fuel's nuclei fuse together and do not break apart , but one neutron left over . Nuclear fusion not yet applied for energy reactor because fuels have to be heated to a temperature of  hundreds millions of degrees , kept together for a few seconds and no ordinary container can hold them . More info : Click here !

How Does Nuclear Fission Works

Nuclear fission reaction happens inside a nuclear reactor . Usually , a nuclear electricity reactor uses nuclear fission , not fusion because fission is easier to make and fusion is still impossible to produce more power than the amount of power it uses to occur . Nuclear fission uses Plutonium or Uranium as fuel . Plutonium and Uranium are two heavy elements which have many protons and neutrons in their nuclei .
Fission starts when an fast-moving neutron strikes a nucleus . The nucleus cannot take an extra neutron , and the whole nucleus breaks apart into two smaller nuclei . Several neutrons are also released and these neutrons break more nuclei , which release more neutrons and so on . Without control , it can multiply rapidly and produce enormous heat in a fraction of second . Each fission occurs gamma rays radiation . Gamma ray radiations are harmful and highly penetrating , requires a concrete shield wall for safety .

How Does Nuclear Fusion Works

Nuclear power can bee produced by  process called fusion . In this kind of reaction , the nuclei of the fuel come together and do not break apart . Nuclei is the center of atom consist by Protons and Neutrons . In Nuclear Fusion , unlike Fission , occurs only with small atoms whose nuclei contain very few Protons and Neutrons . The fuel consist of two different forms of hydrogen . To produce Nuclear Fusion , pairs of nuclei meet , so their proton and neutrons fuse together and become a single nucleus , and a spare neutron is left over . The fused nuclei and neutrons move off at high speed and producing great heat . In nuclear fusion reaction , radiation is not emitted , but the spare neutrons are harmful .
To make the nuclei and neutrons meet and fuse together , the atoms must be banged together with very powerful force . This can only be done by heating the fuel to temperatures of millions of degrees .
Nuclear fusion powers the Sun , and occurs in thermonuclear weapons .

Deuterium-Deuterium fusion

When deuterium ( Gas fuel which a form of hydrogen and made from water) nuclei ( 1 proton and 1 neutron ) fuse with another  deuterium nuclei , a neutron left over then 2 protons and 1 neutron forms a normal helium nuclei .





When tritium ( other gas fuel , another form of hydrogen and made by bombarding lithium ) nuclei ( 1 proton and 2 neutrons ) fuse with deuterium nuclei ,  a neutron left over then 2 protons and 2 neutrons forms an unstable form of helium .

Deuterium-Tritium fusion

AVG antivirus internet security 2011 download ( full version )

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• Firewall
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• Update Manager 
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• Anti Spyware 
• Link Scanner
• LiveKive 
• System Tools 
• Security Toolbar
• Anti Spam 
• Resident Shield 
• Email Scanner 
• Online Shield
• Pc analyzer 

 The download link is in my blogs download link page . You can press Ctrl F and type AVG , you can also download other uploads in my download page .